{"id":142,"date":"2016-04-20T15:48:32","date_gmt":"2016-04-20T15:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturapi.com\/naturapicafe\/?p=142"},"modified":"2024-08-09T09:22:38","modified_gmt":"2024-08-09T09:22:38","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-trophallaxie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturapi.com\/naturapicafe\/quest-ce-que-la-trophallaxie\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce que la trophallaxie ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La trophallaxie<\/strong>, du grec \u00ab\u00a0trophein\u00a0\u00bb (nourrir) et \u00ab\u00a0allasein\u00a0\u00bb (\u00e9changer), d\u00e9signe un mode de transfert de nourriture d’un individu \u00e0 l’autre, par la bouche. Chez les abeilles, ce comportement joue un r\u00f4le central dans la vie de la colonie.<\/p>\n

Que signifie la trophallaxie ?<\/h2>\n

Par d\u00e9finition, la trophallaxie chez l’abeille<\/strong> est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne naturel. Les abeilles pratiquent entre elles un \u00e9change de nourriture (pollen) r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le passage du miel de bouche \u00e0 bouche.<\/p>\n

Chez l’abeille, la demande de trophallaxie<\/strong> se fait par tapotements de la qu\u00e9mandeuse sur les antennes de sa cons\u0153ur. Celle\u2013ci rendra sa r\u00e9ponse affirmative ou n\u00e9gative, par le truchement du m\u00eame code ant\u00e9nnaire. Si elle accepte, elle am\u00e8ne aussit\u00f4t au bord des mandibules une goutte sucr\u00e9e que l\u2019affam\u00e9e aspire au moyen de sa langue d\u00e9pli\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Or, en m\u00eame temps que de la nourriture, les butineuses \u00e9changent de petites quantit\u00e9s de substances salivaires. Celles-ci font passer dans les ruches de v\u00e9ritables informations chimiques influant le comportement des colonies.<\/p>\n

Les jeunes m\u00e2les (faux bourdon) et les reines de l’essaim sont aussi nourris par les ouvri\u00e8res gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la trophallaxie<\/strong>. Mais la reine en plus d’\u00eatre nourrie de gel\u00e9e royale, fait l\u2019objet de l\u00e9chages que ses ouvri\u00e8res pratiquent sur son enveloppe corporelle. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne absorbe ainsi des substances chimiques complexes que les biologistes appellent ph\u00e9romones.<\/p>\n

De trophallaxie en trophallaxie<\/strong>, elles sont communiqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des ouvri\u00e8res sur qui elles exercent une tr\u00e8s forte attraction. Elles ont des incidences sur le comportement b\u00e2tisseur des abeilles, les incitant \u00e0 construire un couvain compos\u00e9 de cellules hexagonales. En revanche, elles emp\u00eachent la construction de cellules destin\u00e9es \u00e0\u00a0 recevoir des larves royales dans les alv\u00e9oles. En effet, les ouvri\u00e8res \u00e9l\u00e8veraient tr\u00e8s rapidement ces larves si les ph\u00e9romones venaient \u00e0 manquer.<\/p>\n

\"Trophallaxie<\/p>\n

\u00c0 quoi sert cet \u00c9change ?<\/h3>\n

La trophallaxie de l’abeille<\/strong> cr\u00e9\u00e9e des liens entre la souveraine et ses sujets par la quantit\u00e9 de substances chimiques. C’est ainsi que la reine exerce un v\u00e9ritable pouvoir sur ses filles. Elle leur impose donc de ne pas remettre son existence en cause : c\u2019est important, car deux reines ne peuvent cohabiter sans chercher \u00e0 se massacrer.<\/p>\n

Le remplacement d\u2019une reine dans une ruche orpheline est toujours un passage d\u00e9licat qui remet l\u2019avenir de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en question. Tout est mis en \u0153uvre avec sagesse pour maintenir l\u2019\u00e9quilibre existant. Que celui-ci soit menac\u00e9 par une reine vieillissante ou un nombre trop important d\u2019abeilles dans la colonie, se d\u00e9clenchent alors des comportements de mutations o\u00f9 les ouvri\u00e8res reprennent l\u2019initiative. C\u2019est seulement dans ces circonstances que le pouvoir royal est remis en question.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, toutes les informations essentielles \u00e0 l’organisation de la ruche proviennent de la trophallaxie, des s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions chimiques, des ph\u00e9romones, \u00e9mises par la reine mais aussi par les ouvri\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Les ph\u00e9romones servent par exemple \u00e0 identifier des lieux – \u00ab\u00a0marquage\u00a0\u00bb de la ruche, rep\u00e9rage des sources de nectar, des lieux d’essaimage, de la reine par les faux-bourdons lors du vol nuptial, \u00e0 \u00e9mettre des signaux d’alarme, \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler les r\u00e9serves de nourriture, \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer la population en r\u00e9gulant la ponte de la reine, \u00e0 maintenir en permanence la temp\u00e9rature et l’humidit\u00e9 id\u00e9ales au sein de la ruche…<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez en davantage sur la vie de l’abeille en consultant nos articles de blog<\/a> !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La trophallaxie, du grec \u00ab\u00a0trophein\u00a0\u00bb (nourrir) et \u00ab\u00a0allasein\u00a0\u00bb (\u00e9changer), d\u00e9signe un mode de transfert de nourriture d’un individu \u00e0 l’autre, par la bouche. Chez les abeilles, ce comportement joue un r\u00f4le central dans la vie de la colonie. Que signifie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite-apicole"],"yoast_head":"\nQu'est-ce que la trophallaxie ? - Naturapi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La trophallaxie, du grec "trophein" (nourrir) et "allasein" (\u00e9changer), d\u00e9signe un mode de transfert de nourriture d'un individu \u00e0 l'autre.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturapi.com\/naturapicafe\/quest-ce-que-la-trophallaxie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu'est-ce que la trophallaxie ? 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